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What is the Flame Retardant Effect of Potassium Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PPFBS) in Polycarbonate?
Flame Retardant Effect of Potassium Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PPFBS) in Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate (PC) is a versatile engineering plastic with high light transmittance, balanced mechanical, electrical, and heat resistance properties. It is widely used in electronics, electrical appliances, machinery, automotive, and construction industries.
While PC possesses inherent self-extinguishing properties and superior flame retardancy compared to general plastics, further flame retardant modification is still required for applications with stringent fire safety requirements.
Currently, halogen-free flame retardants commonly used for PC include phosphates, sulfonates, and silicones. Among these, sulfonates—particularly Potassium Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PPFBS)—exhibit the most significant flame retardant effect on PC.
Experimental results demonstrate that:
- Adding 0.01% (mass fraction, same below) increases the Oxygen Index (LOI) of PC from 26% to 35%.
- Adding 0.1% raises the LOI to 39% and achieves a UL 94 V-0 rating (at 3mm thickness) in vertical burning tests.
- Crucially, this modification has minimal negative impact on the optical clarity and mechanical properties of the PC.
Thermal Analysis (DTG & Kinetics):
From the DTG curve, the maximum thermal decomposition rate of FRPC (flame-retardant PC) is lower than that of pure PC, indicating that the addition of PPFBS reduces the thermal decomposition rate. A lower decomposition rate facilitates the formation of a barrier char layer, which prevents further decomposition of the underlying PC, thereby improving flame retardancy.
The activation energy (Ea) of pure PC changes relatively smoothly throughout the degradation process, which is divided into three stages:
- Conversion < 20% (Stage 1): Dominated by end-group scission. As end-groups are consumed, the reaction shifts to the main chain, causing a gradual increase in activation energy.
- Conversion 20% - 90% (Stage 2): Involves main chain scission, rearrangement, and cross-linking. Activation energy changes little during this phase.
- Conversion > 90% (Stage 3): Involves the decomposition of small segments and char precursors, leading to a rapid increase in activation energy.
In contrast, the FRPC system shows distinct differences in activation energy:
- Stage 1 (Conversion < 20%): The activation energy is lower than pure PC, indicating that PPFBS catalyzes the initial thermal degradation of PC.
- Stage 2 (Conversion 20% - 80%): The activation energy is higher than pure PC and increases with reaction progress. This suggests a change in the main chain scission location and an increase in the degree of cross-linking of decomposition products.
- Stage 3 (Conversion > 90%): The activation energy increases dramatically, far exceeding that of pure PC. This indicates that PPFBS facilitates the formation of highly cross-linked, stable char precursors, which evolve into a robust carbon layer, effectively enhancing the flame retardancy of PC.
Wuhan Bright Chemical CO.,LTD supplies Potassium Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PPFBS). We offer products with stable quality, excellent performance, and reasonable prices.
Product Link: Potassium Perfluorobutanesulfonate (CAS No. 29420-49-3)
> Email: emilychen@brightchemical.com.cn
> Whatsapp/Wechat :0086-13006369714
Pub Time : 2026-01-12 15:21:51
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